This anthology contains extracts from more than 60 scientific papers, by authors such as Stephen Jay Gould, Richard Dawkins, Francis Crick and Jacques Monod. It starts with Charles Darwin, but concentrates on modern research, including genomics. The extracts are organized in sections, enabling the reader to sample a range of views on each topic, and have been chosen for their readability as well as their scientific importance. Evolution contains extracts from 60 published scientific papers, by an impressive list of eminent scientific authors. The extracts are organized to enable the reader to sample a range of viewpoints on each topic. They are readable, and can be understood as well as enjoyed by the general reader and introductory biology students. Introduction 1(6) A. From Darwin to the modern synthesis Section introduction 7(2) 1. CHARLES DARWIN (1858), Extract from an unpublished work on species 9(4) 2. CHARLES DARWIN (1858), Abstract of a letter from C. Darwin, Esq., to Prof. Asa Gray, Boston, USA 13(2) 3. JOHN MAVNARD SMITH (1987), Weismann and modern biology 15(5) 4. R.A. FISHER (1930), The nature of inheritance 20(9) 5. SEWALL WRIGHT (1932), The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding, and selection in evolution 29(8) 6. J.B.S. HALDANE (1949), Disease and evolution 37(7) B. Natural selection and random drift in populations Section introduction 44(5) 7. H.B.D. KETTLEWELL (1958), A resume of investigations on the evolution of melanism in the Lepidoptera 49(4) 8. L.M. COOK, R.L.H. DENNIS, and G.S. MANI (1999), Melanic morph frequency in the peppered moth in the Manchester area 53(4) 9. MARY N. KARN and L.S. PENROSE (1951), Birth weight and gestation time in relation to maternal age, parity, and infant survival 57(2) 10. L. ULIZZI and L. TERRENATO (1992), Natural selection associated with birth weight: towards the end of the stabilizing component 59(4) 11. H. LISLE GIBBS and PETER R. GRANT (1987), Oscillating selection on Darwin's finches 63(4) 12. R.C. LEWONTIN (1974), The paradox of variation 67(8) 13. MOTOO KIMURA (1990), Recent development of the neutral theory viewed from the Wrightian tradition of theoretical population genetics 75(7) C. Adaptation Section introduction 82(3) 14. R.A. FISHER (1930), The nature of adaptation 85(4) 15. G.C. WILLIAMS (1966), Adaptation and natural selection 89(2) 16. A. GRAFEN (1986), Adaptation versus selection in progress 91(3) 17. H.K. REEVE and P.W. SHERMAN (1991), An operational, nonhistorical definition of adaptation 94(2) 18. H. ALLEN ORR and JERRY A. COYNE (1992), The genetics of adaptation: a reassessment 96(4) 19. A.J. CAIN (1964), The perfection of animals 100(14) 20. S.J. GOULD and R.C. LEWONTIN (1979), The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme 114(9) 21. RICHARD DAWKINS (1976), The selfish gene 123(8) D. Speciation and biodiversity Section introduction 131(3) 22. L. MAYR (1958), Typological versus population thinking 134(3) 23. L. MAYR (1963), Species concepts and their application 137(10) 24. CHARLES DARWIN (1859), The sterility of hybrids 147(4) 25. THEODOSIUS DOBZHANSKY (1970), Reproductive isolation as a product of genetic divergence and natural selection 151(4) 26. WILLIAM R. RICE and ALLEN E. HOSTERT (1993), Laboratory experiments on speciation: what have we learned in 40 years? 155(6) 27. JERRY A. COYNE and H. ALLEN ORR (2000), The evolutionary genetics of speciation 161(14) 28. DOLPH SCHLUTER (2000), Ecological basis of postmating isolation 175(3) 29. V. GRANT (1981), Hybrid speciation 178(4) E. Macroevolution Section introduction 182(3) 30. DOUGLAS H. ERWIN and ROBERT L. ANSTEY (1995), Speciation in the fossil record 185(12) 31. GAVIN DE BEER (1971), Homology: an unsolved problem 197(8) 32. RICHARD DAWKINS (1996), The ey gene 205(2) 33. W.J. DICKINSON (1995), Molecules and morphology: where's the homology? 207(4) 34. L. HAECKEL (1905), The fundamental law of organic evolution 211(5) 35. W. GARSTANG (1951), Three poems 216(4) F. Evolutionary genomics Section introduction 220(1) 36. HOWARD OCHMAN, JEFFREY G. LAWRENCE, and EDUARDO A. GROISMAN (2000), Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation 221(10) 37. TODD J. VISION, DANIEL G. BROWN, and STEVEN D. TANKSLEV (2000), The origins of genomic duplications in Arabidopsis 231(6) 38. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN GENOME SEQUENCING CONSORTIUM (2001), Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome 237(7) 39. SEAN B. CARROLL (2003), Genetics and the making of Homo sapiens 244(5) 40. R. A. RAFF (1996), Co-option of eye structures and genes 249(1) 41. STEVEN A. BENNER, M. DANIEL CARACO, J. MICHAEL THOMSON, and ERIC A. GAUCHER (2002), Planetary biology-paleontological, geological, and molecular histories of life 250(8) G. The history of life Section introduction 258(1) 42. JOHN MAYNARD SMITH and EORS SZATHMARY (1999), From chemistry to heredity 259(6) 43. J. WILLIAM SCHOPF (1994), Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic 265(10) 44. ALAN COOPER and RICHARD FORTEY (1998), Evolutionary explosions and the phylogenetic fuse 275(9) 45. DAVID DILCHER (2000), Towards a new synthesis: major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record 284(8) H. Case studies Section introduction 292(1) 46. P.B. MEDAWAR (1951), An unsolved problem of biology 293(6) 47. F.H.C. CRICK (1968), The origin of the genetic code 299(8) 48. J. MAYNARD SMITH (1971), The maintenance of sex 307(3) 49. D.H. JANZEN (1983), A caricature of seed dispersal by animal guts 310(7) 50. DAN-E. NILSSON and SUSANNE PELGER (1994), A pessimistic estimate of the time required for an eye to evolve 317(9) 51. JOHN GERHART and MARK KIRSCHNER (1997), Evolutionary novelty: the example of lactose synthetase 326(2) 52. PAUL D. SNIEGOWSKI, PHILIP J. GERRISH, TOBY JOHNSON, and AARON SHAVER (2000), The evolution of mutation rates: separating causes from consequences 328(9) I. Human evolution Section introduction 337(3) 53. VINCENT M. SARICH and ALLAN C. WILSON (1967), Immunological time scale for hominid evolution 340(5) 54. MARV-CLAIRE RING and A.C. WILSON (1975), Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees 345(5) 55. ROV J. BRITEN (2002), Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5%, counting indels 350(4) 56. H.J. MULLER (1950), Our load of mutations 354(7) 57. FRANK B. LIVINGSTONE (1962), On the non-existence of human races 361(2) 58. WILTON M. KROGMAN (1951), The scars of human evolution 363(5) 59. STEVEN PINKER (1994), The big bang 368(15) J. Evolution and human affairs Section introduction 383(2) 60. MICHAEL F. ANTOLIN and JOAN M. HERBERS (2001), Evolution's struggle for existence in America's public schools 385(15) 61. THEODOSIUS DOBZHANSKY (1973), Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution 400(10) 62. DAVID HUME (1779), The argument from design 410(2) 63. J.L. MONOD (1974), On the molecular theory of evolution 412(6) 64. THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY (1893), Evolution and ethics 418(3) 65. STEPHEN R. PALUMBI (2001), Humans as the world's greatest evolutionary force 421(13) Select bibliography 434(3) Biographical notes 437(4) Acknowledgements 441(6) Index 447