Enhanced by a new afterword dealing with the post-September 11th world, a provocative exploration of issues of human society and destiny answers such questions as, is there a direction to human history? does history have an end? and where are we now? Reprint. 25,00 first printing. Fukuyama's profound inquiry leads the reader to the question of whether humanity will eventually reach a stable state in which it is at last completely satisfied, or whether there is something about the condition of humans that will always lead them to smash this ultimate equilibrium and plunge the world back into chaos. Acknowledgments ix By Way of an Introduction xi Part I AN OLD QUESTION ASKED ANEW Our Pessimism 3(10) The Weakness of Strong States I 13(10) The Weakness of Strong States II, or, Eating Pineapples on the Moon 23(16) The Worldwide Liberal Revolution 39(16) Part II The Old Age of Mankind An Idea for a Universal History 55(16) The Mechanism of Desire 71(11) No Barbarians at the Gates 82(7) Accumulation without End 89(9) The Victory of the VCR 98(11) In the Land of Education 109(17) The Former Question Answered 126(5) No Democracy without Democrats 131(12) Part III THE STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION In the Beginning, a Battle to the Death for Pure Prestige 143(10) The First Man 153(9) A Vacation in Bulgaria 162(9) The Beast with Red Cheeks 171(10) The Rise and Fall of Thymos 181(11) Lordship and Bondage 192(7) The Universal and Homogeneous State 199(12) Part IV LEAPING OVER RHODES The Coldest of All Cold Monsters 211(12) The Thymotic Origins of Work 223(12) Empires of Resentment, Empires of Deference 235(10) The Unreality of ``Realism'' 245(9) The Power of the Powerless 254(12) National Interests 266(10) Toward a Pacific Union 276(11) Part V THE LAST MAN In the Realm of Freedom 287(13) Men without Chests 300(13) Free and Unequal 313(9) Perfect Rights and Defective Duties 322(6) Immense Wars of the Spirit 328(13) Afterword to the Second Paperback Edition of The End of History and the Last Man 341(14) Notes 355(50) Bibliography 405(12) Index 417