The late German historian considers all forms and movements of human affairs as he predicts the inevitable eclipse of Western civilization, in an abridged edition of the classic study, first published more than eighty years ago. Reprint. PREFACE TO THE ABRIDGED EDITION xiii PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xxi PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION xxiii EDITOR'S PREFACE TO THE GERMAN-LANGUAGE ABRIDGED EDITION xxvii I INTRODUCTION 3(38) The meaning of History for the individual 7(1) Antiquity and India: unhistorical 7(2) Egyptian and Western man: historical 9(3) What is World-History? 12(6) Historical relativity 18(2) The historical eye 20(1) One-sided interpretations of the picture of Classical history 21(3) The problem of "Civilization" 24(3) The conclusion?Imperialism 27(3) Significance of the main theme 30(1) The relation of a morphology of World-History to religion 31(3) The final task 34(2) The origin of this book 36(5) II THE MEANING OF NUMBERS 41(29) Number as the sign of completed demarcation 42(2) Every Culture has its own mathematic 44(2) Classical numbers as magnitude 46(4) The world according to Aristarchus. Diophantus and the Magian mathematic 50(4) Western mathematic as function 54(4) Dread and longing 58(2) Geometry and arithmetic 60(4) The Classical limit-problem and the liberation from the visual 64(6) III THE PROBLEM OF WORLD-HISTORY 70(17) Physiognomic and Systematic 70(1) Cultures as organisms 71(4) Style, tempo, duration, synchronism 75(1) The idea of Destiny and the principle of Causality 76(1) The problem of Time 77(2) Destiny and Incident 79(4) Is there a science of History? 83(4) IV MAKROKOSMOS: THE SYMBOLISM OF THE WORLD-PICTURE AND THE SPACE-PROBLEM 87(10) Macrocosm?the sum total of all symbols in relation to one soul 87(1) Space and death 88(2) Spatial depth as "time become rigid." The prime symbol 90(4) The Classical and the Western prime symbol 94(3) V MAKROKOSMOS: APOLLINIAN, FAUSTIAN AND MAGIAN SOUL 97(18) Architecture and divinities 97(3) The Egyptian and the Chinese prime symbol 100(2) Imitation and ornament 102(3) The architecture of the window 105(2) The great style. The history of style as an organism 107(3) History of the Arabian style 110(5) VI MUSIC AND PLASTIC: THE ARTS. OF FORM 115(20) Arts as the symbol of the higher order 115(2) Apollinian and Faustian art 117(4) The Renaissance regarded as an anti-Gothic (anti-musical) movement 121(4) Character of the Baroque 125(3) Symbolism of the colours 128(2) Gold background and studio-brown 130(3) Patina 133(2) VII MUSIC AND PLASTIC: ACT AND. PORTRAIT 135(24) Varieties of human portraiture 135(6) Hellenistic portraiture 141(1) Baroque portraiture 142(1) Leonardo, Raphael and Michelangelo?as vanquishers of the Renaissance 143(6) The victory of instrumental music in 1670 and a Classical parallel 149(3) Impressionism 152(3) Pergamum and Bayreuth: The end of Art 155(4) VIII SOUL-IMAGE AND LIFE-FEELING: ON THE FORM OF THE SOUL 159(17) The Soul-image, a function of the World-image 159(1) The Gothic will 160(3) The inner mythology 163(2) Classical behaviour-drama and Faustian character-drama 165(4) Symbolism of the drama 169(2) The art of the day and of the night 171(1) Popular and esoteric character. The image of astronomy. The geographical horizon 172(2) The Will to Power 174(2) IX SOUL-IMAGE AND LIFE-FEELING: BUDDHISM, STOICISM, SOCIALISM 176(12) Every Culture possesses its own ethic 176(2) Faustian morale 178(3) The morale of dawning "Civilization" 181(2) Irreligion 183(2) Ethical Socialism 185(3) X FAUSTIAN AND APPOLLINIAN NATURE- KNOWLEDGE 188(38) Every science is dependent upon a religion 188(4) The atomic theory 192(1) The problem of motion 193(4) The interpretation of "Experience" 197(2) The "God-feeling" and Nature 199(2) The great myth. Faustian, Classical, Magian numina 201(5) Atheism 206(3) Faustian physics as the dogma of farce 209(3) The limits of further theoretical?not technical?development 212(4) The self-destruction of dynamic physics; historical ideas appear 216(4) The last stage. Dissolution in a system of morphological relationships 220(6) XI ORIGIN AND LANDSCAPE: THE COSMIC AND THE MICROCOSM 226(4) XII ORIGIN AND LANDSCAPE: THE GROUP OF THE HIGHER CULTURES 230(15) XIII CITIES AND PEOPLES 245(23) The two souls 245(7) Form-languages of "Civilization" 252(2) Race is Style 254(10) People and nation 264(4) XIV PROBLEMS OF THE ARABIAN CULTURE: HISTORIC PSEUDOMORPHOSES 268(31) The Idea 268(2) The Russian pseudomorphosis 270(5) The period of Arabian feudalism 275(2) Syncretism 277(4) Jews, Chaldeans and Persians of the "pre-Culture" 281(4) Jesus 285(4) The teaching of Jesus. Paul 289(5) John, Marion 294(2) The heathen and Christian cult-Churches 296(3) XV PROBLEMS OF THE ARABIAN CULTURE: THE MAGIAN SOUL 299(20) The dualism of the World-Cavern 299(2) "World-time." Grace 301(3) The Consensus 304(1) The Word as substance 305(4) The group of the Magian religions 309(3) The religions of Magian Christianity. The end of theology 312(7) XVI PROBLEMS OF THE ARABIAN CULTURE: PYTHAGORAS, MOHAMMED, CROMWELL 319(35) The nature of religion; morality as sacrifice 319(4) Morphology of religious history 323(1) Egypt and the Ancient World 324(6) The Gothic 330(7) Reformation 337(2) Science. Puritanism 339(4) Rationalism 343(2) The Second Religiousness 345(3) Judaism 348(6) XVII THE STATE: THE PROBLEM OF THE ESTATES 354(6) Man and Woman 354(2) Race. Blood 356(4) XVIII STATE AND HISTORY 360(22) The vesting of authority 360(2) The bourgeoisie 362(8) Tradition versus theory 370(5) The period of the Contending States 375(3) Caesarism 378(4) XIX PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS 382(16) The statesman 382(7) Political theory 389(2) The fate of democracy 391(2) The Press 393(5) XX THE FORM-WORLD OF ECONOMIC LIFE: MONEY 398(11) Economic life 398(1) Economics and politics 399(4) Thinking in terms of goods and in terms of money 403(4) Classical and Western money-thought 407(1) Money and work 408(1) XXI THE FORM-WORLD OF ECONOMIC LIFE: THE MACHINE 409