This book of the Citizens' Convention of the Federal Alliance of European Federalists (FAEF) contains a constitution for a federal Europe, an explanation and a number of studies on federalism. ENGLISH This book was written by members of the Citizens' Convention of the Federal Alliance of European Federalists (FAEF, www.faef.eu). It contains a constitution of only ten articles for a federal Europe, an extensive explanation of those articles and a number of studies that explore aspects of federalism in greater depth. It is a response to the identity crisis in which the European Union finds itself. A crisis that leads to the disintegration of the EU, with the risk of falling back to the situation of warring nation states of the 19th and 20th centuries. A relapse that can and must be prevented by piloting the European system of states safely into its next phase: that of a federal Europe. Brexit, conflicts of principle between EU member states and the quarrels between member states and 'Brussels', give little hope for preservation of unity within the EU system. What was built up after WWII is in danger of being lost; even the absence of war on the eastern side of the EU can no longer be taken for granted. The EU is governed in a way where nobody knows who the boss is. Lack of democratic support affects the peace, security, prosperity and happiness of us all. Europe's position in the geopolitical arena is getting weaker. The EU consumes more energy than it stores for preservation and renewal. It has reached the end of its political life cycle. But a different, federal Europe is within reach. That is a foundation for: o A European society, in which the sovereignty of the member states is guaranteed and different languages and cultures coexist, o in which a federal body takes care of common European interests, o a Europe that plays a strong role in world politics, o with a government that serves the European interest rather than national agendas, o a federal Europe with a succinct constitution that can count on the support of its citizens. The book was compiled by Dr Leo Klinkers, President of FAEF. Since 1970, he has been occupied with the question of how government, policy and organisation can be designed from the basis of society, in accordance with the adage: 'All sovereignty rests with the people'. This book was written by members of the Citizens' Convention of the Federal Alliance of European Federalists (FAEF, www.faef.eu). It contains a constitution of only ten articles for a federal Europe, an extensive explanation of those articles and a number of studies that explore aspects of federalism in greater depth. It is a response to the identity crisis in which the European Union finds itself. A crisis that leads to the disintegration of the EU, with the risk of falling back to the situation of warring nation states of the 19th and 20th centuries. A relapse that can and must be prevented by piloting the European system of states safely into its next phase: that of a federal Europe. CONTENT 9 FOREWORD 15 1. CONSTITUTION FOR ‘THE FEDERATED STATES OF EUROPE’ 15 The Preamble 16 Article I – The Federation, the Rights, and a World Federation 17 Article II – The Legislative Branch 20 Article III – The Powers and tasks of the Legislative Branch 23 Article IV – The Executive Branch 27 Article V – The powers and tasks of the Executive Branch 28 Article VI – The Judicial Branch 30 Article VII – The Citizens, the States, and the Federation 33 Article VIII – Amending the Constitution 34 Article IX – Federal Loyalty 34 Article X – Ratification of the Constitution 35 2. MEMORANDUM OF EXPLANATION OF THE CONSTITUTION 35 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 35 Why this federal Constitution for Europe? 36 Attempts to federalise Europe: from 1787 to 1945 and from 1946 to the present day 39 The Federal Alliance of European Federalists took its responsibility 40 EXPLANATION OF THE PREAMBLE 41 About the name ‘The Federate States of Europe’ 46 Explanation of Consideration Ia 47 Explanation of Consideration Ib 48 Explanation of Consideration Ic 49 Explanation of Consideration IIa 50 Explanation of Consideration IIb 50 Explanation of Consideration IIc 50 Explanation of Consideration IId 51 Explanation on Consideration IIe 52 Explanation of Consideration III 53 Explanation of Article I – The Federation, the Rights, and a World Federation 63 Explanation of Article II – The Legislative Branch 76 Explanation of Article III – The Powers and tasks of the Legislative Branch 90 Explanation of Article IV – The Executive Branch 95 Explanation of Article V – The Powers and Tasks of the Executive Branch 97 Explanation of Article VI – The Judicial Branch 102 Explanation of Article VII – The Citizens, the States, and the Federation 104 Explanation of Article VIII – Changing the Constitution 104 Explanation of Article IX – Federal Loyalty 105 Explanation of Article X – Ratification of the Constitution 105 Acknowledgements 109 3. IN-DEPTH STUDIES 111 Open letter to my young federalist friends Lorenzo Sparviero 113 ABOUT FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS ON FEDERALIZING EUROPE 115 Definition and Value of Federalism – Herbert Tombeur 129 Unitary Aspects of Centripetal and Centrifugal Federations and the source of Putin’s autocratic behaviour – Leo Klinkers 139 Spinelli's role on the federalization of Europe: start afresh from the Ventotene Man-ifesto – Mauro Casarotto 153 ABOUT FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL LAW MAKING 155 A study in the field of Comparative Federal Constitutions – Giuseppe Martinico 170 The Federated States of Europe as a democratic state founded on the rule of law – Frans Tonnaer 187 ABOUT NUMERICAL, PARTICIPATORY AND COMPETENT REPRESENTATION 189 Dynamic Sizing and Ranked Voting – Lars N. Christensen 200 Citizens’ Participation – Ivan Gil Carretero 207 A fundamental new look at the requirements for holding political office – Peter Hovens 217 ABOUT COMMON INTERESTS 219 The importance of a common European Defense – Ingo Piepers 224 Does federalizing Europe strengthen economic stability? – Mozes Wilhelm Mari-nho Sanches Junior 231 ABOUT EMERGING FEDERATIONS 233 Towards a federal Spain in a federal Europe? – Javier Giner 249 ABOUT THE ALFA AND OMEGA OF FEDERALISM 251 The Torah in the Construction of a Federal Europe, including Russia – Frans M. Vermeulen MA 259 Attribution of Values and Virtues in ‘The Federated States of Europe’ – Berend W. Scheperboer 265 The concept of ‘FEDERATION’ in the Constitution for the Federation of EARTH – Glen T. Martin